ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ
ืกื’ื•ืจ ืืช ืชื™ื‘ืช ื”ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ

ื›ืžื” ืขื•ืœื” ืงืœืฃ ืžื–ื•ื–ื”?

ืžืžื” ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ ืžื—ื™ืจ ืžื–ื•ื–ื”? – ืžื—ื™ืจ ืžื–ื•ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืฉืชื ื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืžืกืคืจ ืคืจืžื˜ืจื™ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื. ื”ืื ื™ื“ืขืชื ืฉื”ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื•ื”ื’ื•ื“ืœ ืฉืœ ืงืœืฃ ื”ืžื–ื•ื–ื”, ื”ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืกื•ืคืจ ื‘ื›ืชื™ื‘ืช ืงืœืฃ ืžื–ื•ื–ื”, ื•ืกื•ื’ ื”ื›ืชื‘ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื–ื•ื–ื” ืžืฉืคื™ืขื™ื ืขืœ ืžื—ื™ืจ ื”ืžื–ื•ื–ื”? ืื ืืชื ืžืชื›ื ื ื™ื ืœืจื›ื•ืฉ ืงืœืฃ ืžื–ื•ื–ื”, ื›ื“ืื™ ืœื“ืขืช ืฉืžื—ื™ืจ ืžื–ื•ื–ื” ื ืข ื‘ื™ืŸ 140 ืฉ”ื— ืœ-350 ืฉ”ื—, ื•ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืืฃ ื™ื•ืชืจ. ืืš ืืœ ืชืชืคืชื• ืœืžื—ื™ืจื™ื ื–ื•ืœื™ื ืžื“ื™! ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืืช ื”ื›ืฉืจื•ืช ื•ื”ื”ื’ื”ื” ืฉืœ ืงืœืฃ ื”ืžื–ื•ื–ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืฉื”ืžื–ื•ื–ื” ืชื”ื™ื” ื›ืฉืจื”. ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื“ืขืช ืขื•ื“ ืขืœ ืžื” ืžืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ืžื—ื™ืจ ืžื–ื•ื–ื” ื•ืžื” ื›ื“ืื™ ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืงื ื™ื™ื”? ื”ืžืฉื™ื›ื• ืœืงืจื•ื!

ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืžื” ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ ืžื—ื™ืจ ืžื–ื•ื–ื” – ืฆืจื™ืš ืจืืฉื™ืช ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื”ื™ ืžื–ื•ื–ื” ื‘ื›ืœืœ?

ืžื–ื•ื–ื” ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ืช ืžืงืœืฃ ืžื–ื•ื–ื” + ื‘ื™ืช ืžื–ื•ื–ื”. ืžื” ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ืžื–ื•ื–ื”? ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืžื” ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ืงืœืฃ ื”ืžื–ื•ื–ื”? ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืžื–ื•ื–ื” ื”ื™ื ื™ืจื™ืขืช ืงืœืฃ ื”ืขืฉื•ื™ื” ืžืขื•ืจ ื‘ื”ืžื” ื˜ื”ื•ืจื” ืฉื ื›ืชื‘ ืขืœื™ื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืกื•ืคืจ ืกืช”ื (ืจืืฉื™ ืชื™ื‘ื•ืช: ืกืคืจื™ ืชื•ืจื”, ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ, ืžื–ื•ื–ื•ืช) ื‘ื›ืชื‘ ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื”ื ืงืจื ื›ืชื‘ ืกืช”ื 2 ืคืจืฉื™ื•ืช – “ืฉืžืข ื™ืฉืจืืœ” ื•”ื•ื”ื™ื” ืื ืฉืžื•ืข”, ื•ืืช ืงืœืฃ ื”ืžื–ื•ื–ื” ื”ื–ื” ืžื’ืœื’ืœื™ื ืžื”ืกื•ืฃ ืœื”ืชื—ืœื” ื•ืžื›ื ื™ืกื™ื ืื•ืชื• ืืœ ืงื•ืคืกื” ืžื•ืืจื›ืช ื”ื ืงืจืืช ื‘ื™ืช ืžื–ื•ื–ื”.

ื‘ื™ืช ืžื–ื•ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ืœื ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืžื–ื•ื–ื” ืืœื ื”ื•ื ืฉื•ืžืจ ืขืœ ื”ืžื–ื•ื–ื”, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืžื—ื™ืจ ืžื–ื•ื–ื” , ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืžื—ื™ืจ ืงืœืฃ ืžื–ื•ื–ื” ื•ืœื ื‘ื™ืช ืžื–ื•ื–ื”.

ืžืžื” ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ ืžื—ื™ืจ ืงืœืฃ ืžื–ื•ื–ื”? ืžื—ื™ืจ ืžื–ื•ื–ื” ื›ืฉืจื” , ืžื–ื•ื–ื” ืžื”ื•ื“ืจืช, ืžื•ืฉืคืข ืžื›ืžื” ืคืจืžื˜ืจื™ื:

ื”ืงืœืฃ โ€“ ืื™ื›ื•ืช ืงืœืฃ ื”ืžื–ื•ื–ื” ื•ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื”ืงืœืฃ ืžืฉืคื™ืขื™ื ืขืœ ืžื—ื™ืจ ื”ืžื–ื•ื–ื”, ื•ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืงืœืฃ ืžื–ื•ื–ื” ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืขื ื”ื›ืฉืจ ืฉืžืคืงื— ืฉืงืœืฃ ื”ืžื–ื•ื–ื” ื›ืฉืจ ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ื”ืœื›ื”.

ื”ืกื•ืคืจ โ€“ ื”ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืกื•ืคืจ ืฉื›ื•ืชื‘ ืืช ืงืœืฃ ื”ืžื–ื•ื–ื” ื•ืจืžืช ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื™ื•ืคื™ ื”ื›ืชื™ื‘ื” ืฉืœื•, ืžืฉืคื™ืขื™ื ืขืœ ืžื—ื™ืจ ื”ืžื–ื•ื–ื”. ื•ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืฉื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืกื•ืคืจ ืžื•ืกืžืš ืขื ืชืขื•ื“ื” ืจืฉืžื™ืช.

ืกื•ื’ ื”ื›ืชื‘ โ€“ ื™ืฉื ืŸ 3 ืกื•ื’ื™ ื›ืชื‘ ืžืฆื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืžื–ื•ื–ื” โ€“ ื›ืชื‘ ืžื–ื•ื–ื” ื‘ื ื•ืกื— ืกืคืจื“ื™, ืืฉื›ื ื–ื™ ื•ื”ืืจ”ื™. ื›ืชื‘ ืžื–ื•ื–ื” ื‘ื ื•ืกื— ืกืคืจื“ื™ ืคื—ื•ืช ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ ืœื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื–ื•ืœ.

ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื”ืžื–ื•ื–ื” – ื’ื•ื“ืœ ืงืœืฃ ืžื–ื•ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ 8 ืก”ืž ืœ- 15 ืก”ืž. ื•ื™ืฉ ื’ื ืžื–ื•ื–ื•ืช ืฉืœ 20 ื•ืืคื™ืœื• 30 ืก”ืž, ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืœื ื’ื•ื“ืœ ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™ ื•ืžืฆื•ื™. ืžื—ื™ืจ ืžื–ื•ื–ื” ืžื•ืฉืคืข ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืžื’ื•ื“ืœ ื”ืงืœืฃ. ืงืœืฃ ืžื–ื•ื–ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื™ืงืจ ืžืงืœืฃ ืงื˜ืŸ. 

ื›ืžื•ืช ื”ืžื–ื•ื–ื•ืช – ืžื—ื™ืจ ืžื–ื•ื–ื” ืžืฉืชื ื” ืฉืจื•ื›ืฉื™ื ื›ืžื•ื™ื•ืช, ื›ืžื• ื‘ื›ืœ ืžื•ืฆืจ ืฉืžืฆื•ื™ ืœืงื‘ืœ ื”ื ื—ื” ื‘ืžื—ื™ืจ ื›ืฉืจื•ื›ืฉื™ื ื›ืžื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื”.

ื”ื’ื”ื•ืช – ืžื–ื•ื–ื” ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืขื•ื‘ืจืช ื”ื’ื”ื” ื™ื“ื ื™ืช ื•ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื’ื™ื” ืžื•ืกืžืš, ื•ื™ืฉ ืžื”ื“ืจื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื’ื ื”ื’ื”ื” ืขื ืชื•ื›ื ืช ืžื—ืฉื‘, ืžื—ื™ืจ ืžื–ื•ื–ื” ืฉืขื‘ืจื” 2 ื”ื’ื”ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื™ืงืจ.

ื•ืชื›ืœ’ืก โ€“ ื›ืžื” ืขื•ืœื” ืงืœืฃ ืœืžื–ื•ื–ื”?

ืžื—ื™ืจ ืงืœืฃ ืœืžื–ื•ื–ื” ื ืข ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ 140 ืฉ”ื— ืœ-350 ืฉ”ื—. ื•ื™ืฉ ืกื•ืคืจื™ื ืฉืืฆืœื ืžื—ื™ืจ ืงืœืฃ ืœืžื–ื•ื–ื” ื”ื•ื 500 ืฉ”ื— ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ. 

ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงืจื” โ€“ ืื ืžืฆืืชื ืžื—ื™ืจ ืžื–ื•ื–ื” ื–ื•ืœ ืžื“ื™ โ€“ ื‘ื“ืงื• ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ืื ื™ืฉ ื›ืฉืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ืจื‘ ืื• ื’ื•ืฃ ืžื•ืกืžืš, ื•ื”ืื ืงืœืฃ ื”ืžื–ื•ื–ื” ืขื‘ืจ ื”ื’ื”ื” ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ืช ืœืคื™ ื”ื”ืœื›ื”, ื›ื™ ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื”ืžื–ื•ื–ื” ืชื”ื™ื” ื›ืฉืจื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื›ืชื•ื‘ ืื•ืชื” ืœืคื™ ื”ื”ืœื›ื” ื”ืžืกื•ืจื” ืœื ื• ืžื“ื•ืจื™ ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ืœืœื ืฉื•ื ืฉื™ื ื•ื™, ื•ื‘ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืงื˜ืŸ ืžื”ื”ืœื›ื” ื”ืžื–ื•ื–ื” ืคืกื•ืœื” ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ!

ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื ”ืœ ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืžื—ื™ืจ ืงืœืฃ ืžื–ื•ื–ื”. ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืžื—ื™ืจ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื–ื•ื–ื” โ€“ ื”ืžื—ื™ืจ ื ืข ื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ืžื” ืฉืงืœื™ื ื‘ื•ื“ื“ื™ื ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ืžื” ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืฉืงืœื™ื, ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ื’ื ืœืžืื•ืช ืฉืงืœื™ื ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ื—ื•ืžืจ ืฉื‘ื• ื”ืฉืชืžืฉื• ื•ื‘ืื™ื›ื•ืช ืฉืœื•, ื•ื‘ืจืžืช ื”ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื–ื•ื–ื”.

ื•ื›ืฉื‘ืื™ื ืœืจื›ื•ืฉ ืงืœืฃ ืžื–ื•ื–ื” ื•ืจื•ืื™ื ืžื—ื™ืจ ืžื–ื•ื–ื” ื–ื•ืœ ื•ืžื—ื™ืจ ืžื–ื•ื–ื” ื™ืงืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืžื–ื•ื–ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื”ื•ื“ืจืช – ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื–ื›ื•ืจ ื›ืžื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื•ืขืฆื•ืžื” ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืžื–ื•ื–ื” ืืฉืจ ืžื–ื›ื™ืจื™ื ืื•ืชื” ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ื‘ืงืจื™ืืช ืฉืžืข ืฉื—ืจื™ืช ื•ืขืจื‘ื™ืช ืืœืคื™ ืฉื ื™ื ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื‘ืื•ืžืจื “ื•ื›ืชื‘ืชื ืขืœ ืžื–ื•ื–ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืชืš ื•ื‘ืฉืขืจื™ืš”.

 ื•ืžื•ื‘ื ื‘ื’ืžืจื (ืžื ื—ื•ืช ืœื’:, ืข”ื– ื™ื.) ืืžืจ ืจื‘ื™ ื—ื ื™ื ื ื‘ื•ื ื•ืจืื” ืฉืœื ื›ืžื™ื“ืช ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืจื•ืš ื”ื•ื ืžื™ื“ืช ื‘ืฉืจ ื•ื“ื, ืžืœืš ื™ื•ืฉื‘ ืžื‘ืคื ื™ื ื•ืขื‘ื“ื™ื• ืžืฉืžืจื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื• ืžื‘ื—ื•ืฅ, ื•ืžื™ื“ืช ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืจื•ืš ื”ื•ื ืื™ื ื• ื›ืŸ, ืขื‘ื“ื™ื• ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื‘ืคื ื™ื ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืฉืžืจืŸ ืžื‘ื—ื•ืฅ, ืฉื ืืžืจ “ื”’ ืฉื•ืžืจืš ื”’ ืฆืœืš ืขืœ ื™ื“ ื™ืžื™ื ืš”. ื•ื‘ื™ืืจ ื‘ืฉื•”ืช ื—ืชื ืกื•ืคืจ (ืื•”ื— ืกื™ืžืŸ ืงืœื•) ืฉืžืฆื•ืช ืžื–ื•ื–ื” ืจืžื•ื–ื” ื‘ืคืกื•ืง ื–ื”, ื›ื™ ื›ืฉื™ื•ืฆื ื•ื ื›ื ืก ื‘ืคืชื— ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืจื•ืš ื”ื•ื ืžืฉืžืจ ืื•ืชื•, ื•ื”ืจื™ ื”ื•ื ื™ืชื‘ืจืš ื›ืžื• ืฆืœ ืฉืžืชืœื•ื•ื” ืœืื“ื ื‘ืขืช ื”ื™ืœื•ื›ื•, ื•ื–ื• ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ื‘ืžื™ืœื™ื “ืฆืœืš ืขืœ ื™ื“ ื™ืžื™ื ื™ืš”.

ื•ืžื•ื‘ื ื‘ืชื™ืงื•ื ื™ ื–ื•ื”ืจ (ืชื™ืงื•ื ื ืขืฉื™ืจืื” ื“ืฃ ื›ื”.) “ื“ื ืจื–ื ื“ืžื–ื•ื–ื” (ื–ื” ืกื•ื“ ื”ืžื–ื•ื–ื”) ื“ืืชืžืจ ื‘ื” (ืฉื ืืžืจ ื‘ื”) “ื•ื›ืชื‘ืชื ืขืœ ืžื–ื•ื–ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืชืš” – ืžื–ื•ื–ืช ื›ืชื™ื‘ – ื–ื– ืžื•ืช”, ืขื“ ื›ืืŸ ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื•ื”ืจ. ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ื™ืฉ ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื” ืฉืœ ืžืฆื•ืช ืžื–ื•ื–ื” ืœื”ื–ื™ื– ืืช ื”ืžื•ื•ืช.ื•ื”ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ื›ืชื‘ ื‘ืฉื ืžื”ืจ”ื: “ื•ืžื•ื‘ื˜ื— ืื ื™ ืฉื›ืœ ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืžืชื•ืงืŸ ื‘ืžื–ื•ื–ื” ื›ื”ืœื›ืชื” ืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื ืžื–ื™ืง ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฉืœื•ื˜ ื‘ื•”ื”ื›ืกืฃ ืžืฉื ื” ื›ื•ืชื‘ “ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืžื–ื•ื–ื” ื›ืชื•ื‘ื” ื›ืชืงื ืชื” ื—ื•ืคืคืช ืฉืžื™ืจืช ื”’ ื™ืชื‘ืจืš ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื™ืช”.

ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื“ืขืช: ื›ืœ ืกื’ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžื–ื•ื–ื” ืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช ืจืง ื›ืืฉืจ ื‘ืžื–ื•ื–ื” ื›ืฉืจื” ื›ื”ืœื›ืชื”, ืœื›ืŸ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืงื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืžื–ื•ื–ื” ื‘ื—ื ื•ืช ืืžื™ื ื” ืฉื‘ืขืœื™ื” ืžื•ื—ื–ืง ืœื™ืจื ืฉืžื™ื ื•ืœื ืœื”ืชืคืชื•ืช ืœืžื—ื™ืจ ืžื–ื•ื–ื” ื–ื•ืœ ืžื“ื™ ืขื ื—ืฉืฉื•ืช ืขืœ ื›ืฉืจื•ืช ื”ืžื–ื•ื–ื”.

ื•ื™ืฉื™ื ื”ืื“ื ืืœ ืœื‘ื• – ืฉื‘ืžื–ื•ื–ื” ื™ืฉ 713 ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช, ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ืื•ืช ื•ืื•ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื›ืžื” ื•ื›ืžื” ืื•ืคื ื™ื ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืคื•ืกืœื”, ื•ืื ื™ืฉ ืคืกื•ืœ ื—ืก ื•ืฉืœื•ื ื‘ืื—ืช ืžืชื•ืš ื”-713 ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช  ื”ืžื–ื•ื–ื” ืคืกื•ืœื” ืžืŸ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ. ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ื•ื ืœื ืžื—ื™ืจ ื”ืžื–ื•ื–ื” ืืœื ืงื•ื“ื ื›ืœ ื›ืฉืจื•ืช ื”ืžื–ื•ื–ื”.

ืฉืชืคื• ืืช ื”ืžืืžืจ:

ืคื™ื™ืกื‘ื•ืง
ื•ื•ืฆืืค
ืื™ืžื™ื™ืœ
ื”ื“ืคืกื”

ืชืจื’ื™ืฉื• ื”ื›ื™ ื‘ื ื•ื— ืœืฉืื•ืœย ืื•ืชื ื•, ืื ืœื ืžืฆืืชื ืืช ืฉื—ืฉืงื” ื ืคืฉื›ื ืื• ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื›ื ื‘ืงืฉื” ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช ืื• ื‘ืจืฆื•ื ื›ื ืœื”ืชื™ื™ืขืฅ, ืืœ ืชื”ืกืกื•. ืฆืจื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ื•ื•ื˜ืกืืค, ืื• ืžืœืื• ืืช ื”ื˜ื•ืคืก ื•ื ืฆื™ื’ ื—ื‘ื™ื‘ ืžื˜ืขืžื ื• ื™ื—ื–ื•ืจ ืืœื™ื›ื ืขื ืžืœื•ื ื”ืกื‘ืœื ื•ืช.

ืฆืจื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ื•ื•ื˜ืกืืค, ืื• ืžืœืื• ืืช ื”ื˜ื•ืคืก ื•ื ืฆื™ื’ ื—ื‘ื™ื‘ ืžื˜ืขืžื ื• ื™ื—ื–ื•ืจ ืืœื™ื›ื ืขื ืžืœื•ื ื”ืกื‘ืœื ื•ืช.